Method of producing fertilizers



Dec. 31, 1935. H. TRAMM 2,025,916

METHOD OF PRODUCING FERTILIZERS Qriginal Fi led Feb. 11, 1931 Inventor Patented 31, 193 5 v I g x UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Heinrich Tramm, Oberhausen-Holten, Germany,- assignor to -Rulu-chemie Aktiengesellschaft,

Oberhausen-Holten, Germany Original application Feb ary 11,- 1931, Serial No. I 515,124. Divided and this application January '22, 1932, Serial No. 588,241. In Germany September 2, 1930 -13 Claims. 01. 71-9) It is known to produce together mixed fertilizers before mentioned measure may be employed for containing ammonium nitrate and ammonium producing a melt which contains separated out phosphate which may also contain further subparts in suspension. This process has special ad-' stances adapted to-serveas fertilizers; For this vantages for the production of raw products for 5 purpose, amnicma is fed into a mixture of nitric mixed fertilizers which contain the 'mostimpor- 5 acid and phosphoric acid in the manner of asattant fertilizer components namely, nitrogen, phosurator process. 'The great reaction and solution phorus and potassi The mixture of ammoheat of the ammonia produces the evaporation of nium nitrate and ammonium phosphate obtained a considerable part of the water introduced by is in this case mixed with potassium salts to form way of the acids orof all the water. a product that can be used immediately. Such a 10 -Itis important thatthe ammonia should decomproduct can be ob in d by d n to the raw pose with the acid mixture with a weakly alkaline, acid for producing the mixture of ammonium neutral or weakly acid reaction. The concentraph ph and m nium nitrate, a Suitable tion of all the free acid in the vessel is maintained potassiumsalt such as p a m s p The the saturatorfvessel, the process may be so carried molecules of the two compounds. go out that both ammonium nitrate and ammonium The following is an'example of the application phosphate are separated out in solid .form and of the process according to the invention, referthat there is a. component in solution or in melted ence being made to the accompanying diagramf nature of the work matic drawing illustrating thesaturator vessel in the removal from the saturator is effected by open section:-- b r L or throttled overflow pipes or by other suitable A 210 litre iron tank- 4, lined with bricks and b means. The solid salt mixture may be obtained provided with a stirring device 5; and also haveither when working in solution, by centrifugal ing an overflow 1, contains about 210 kg. of a or similar means, or working in a melt by allowmelt at 117;consisting of 76.8 kg. of diammonium ing solidificationof the mixture issuing from the phosphate, 118.5 kg. of ammoniumnitrate and30 -saturator to take place. It has been found ad- 14.7 kg. of water. Into this apparatus 6.06 litres vantageous to draw off from the saturator atdefiof a 50% nitric acid of specific gravity 1.316, andnite zones having 'a particularly suitable salt 1.4 litres of a 84% phosphoric acid of specific L composition. 'I'heformation of such zones can gravity 1.73 are passed from the vessels l' and 2 be assisted by means of a controlled circulation in through the siphon 3 every hour. During this '35 the saturator, which may be produced by an agitime 2 kg. of ammonia (equal to 2.82 cubic metres of gas) are added through the pipe 6 in a state Furthermore, the water may be. vaporized in of atomization. The contents of the vessel are two stages it so desired. -In this case the main maintained thoroughly mixed by the stirring de- 40 part of the water is vaporized in the supply vessel. vice 5. The temperature in the saturator re- 40 The mixture may then be drawn off continuously mainswhen not heated at 117. Every hour 8.75 or. intermittently, for example through an overkg. of salt are produced consisting of, 3.20 kg. of flow pipe or by tapping, intoa vessel, advantagediammonium phosphate 4.95 kg. or ammonium ously sm l i which, if qui d, th m nd r nitrate and 0.60 kg. of water. This product flows A 5 of the water s r m v d by a di i h in ofi through the overflow 1 and is caused to solidandjf necessary by the introduction of further ify on the cooling roller 8.

ammonia. The ammonia introduced serves o This case is a division of application Serial No. neutralize any free acid or acidic salts that may 515,124, filed February 11, 1931.- be present, so that thus it is a simple matter to I lai a produce a substance having the desired reaction. 1. A process for the continuous production 0!..

urt this method of Procedure has the mixed fertilizers containing ammonium nitrate advantage that it results in the presence of amand ammonium phosphate from ammonia, nitric mon m P sp Of y d r composition acid and phosphoric acid, consisting in feeding Or an mmol m Phosphate mixture in the a the initial components into a melt of ammonium product. It will be understood that the hereinitr t produced during the reaction and con- 55,

by suitable selection of the concentrations of the initial components as well' as the working temperatures and with the practically complete evaporation of the water introduced withthe reaction components throughthe heat of reaction and dissolution, maintaining during the process a melt of determined character, withdrawing said melt. from the reaction vessel and cooling it to convert it directly into a solid salt. 2. A process'for the continuous productionof.

mixed fertilizers containing ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate from ammonia, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, consisting in feeding the initial components into amelt of ammonium nitrate produced during the reaction and containing ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate in solid form, and by suitable selection of the concentrations of the initial components as well as the working temperatures and with practically (complete evaporation of the water introas well as the working temperatures complete evaporation of duced with the reaction components through the heat of reaction and dissolution, maintaining during the process a melt of determined character, withdrawing said melt from the reaction vessel and coolingit to convert it directly into a solid salt. f

3. A process for the continuous production -of mixed fertilizers containing ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate from ammonia, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, consisting in feeding the initial components into a melt of ammonium nitrate produced during the reaction and containing ammonium phosphate and other fertilizer salts in solid form and by suitable selection of the concentrations of the initial components and with the practically complete evaporation of the water introduced with the reaction componentsth'rough the heat of reaction and dissolution, maintaining during the process a melt of determined character,,withdrawing said melt from the reaction vessel and cooling it to convert it directlyinto a solid salt.

'4. A process for the continuous production of mixed fertilizers containing ammonium' nitrate and ammonium phosphate from ammonia, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, consisting in feeding the initial components into a melt of ammonium nitrate produced during the reaction and containing ammonium phosphate in solid form, and by suitable selection of the concentrations of the initial substances as well as the working temperatures by the use of the reaction and dissolution heat and additional heat, with the practically the water introduced with the reaction components, maintaining duringthe process a melt of determined character, withdrawing said melt from the reaction vessel and cooling it to convert it directly intoa solid salt.

5. A process according to claim 1, consisting in producing the melt in a reaction vessel 'provided with a mechanical stirring device and maintaining an energetic circulation of the melt by means of the said device.

a'melt of ammonium 2,025,916 taining ammonium phosphate in solid form and the step of drawing oii the ammonium nitrate melt containing solid ammonium phosphate irom the reaction vessel by an overflow pipe.

4 7. A process for mixed fertilize 's containing, ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate from ammonia,- nitric acid and phosphoric'acid. consisting in feeding into a reaction vessel the initial components into nitrate produced during the reaction and containing the ammonium phosphate in solid form, and producing a lye while suitably regulating the concentrationof the initial components andthe working temperatures, the said lye containing a certain quantity of the water. that is to be completely evaporated, transferring the reaction-mass troducing ammonia into the said vessel and etlecting the evaporation of the heat of reaction and dissolution of the'ammonia.

8. In a process accordingto claim 7, maintaining the reaction mixture as it issues from the reaction vessel, with a content of 5% water to be evaporated.

. 9. In a process according to claim '7,'evaporating the remaining water in external heating.

10. The process of producing mixed fertilizers which comprises simultaneously introducing nitric acid, phosphoric acid, a fertilizing potassium salt and ammonia into a melt comprising a reaction product of nitric acid, phosphoric acid and ammonia in such proportions as 'to continuously maintain a from slightly acid to neutral reaction in the melt.

11. The process of producing a mixed fertilizer the continuous production of residual water by the the second vessel by which comprises simultaneously introducingnitric acid, phosphoric acid and ammonia into a melt comprising a reaction product of nitric acid, phosphoric acid and ammonia in such proportions as to continuously maintain-a from slightly acid to neutral'reaction in the melt. v 12. The process of producing mixed fertilizers which comprises simultaneously introducing nitric acid, phosphoric acid, a fertilizing potassium salt and ammonia into a product of nitric acid, phosphoric "'acid and ammonia in such proportions as to continuously maintain a from slightly acid to neutral reaction in the melt, the acids being of such concentration that by the heat of neutralization the water content of the melt is reduced to such a value that the melt solidifies upon cooling the normal temperature.

13. The process of producing an' ixed fertilizer which comprises simultaneously introducing nitric acid,phosphoric acid and ammonia into a melt comprising a reaction product of nitric acid, phosphoric acid and ammonia in such proportions as to continuously maintain a from slightly acid to neutral reaction in the melt, the acids being of such concentration that by the heat of neutralimelt comprising a, reactionzation the water content of the melt is reduced to such a value that the melt solidifies upon cool- 

